Posted on
January 30, 2012 by
Tiffany C. Wright
Here is a guest post that I think clearly communicates the importance of reviewing the balance sheet and provides some of the ratio descriptions to help you do just that. Enjoy! – TW
Balance Sheet Analysis – Working Capital
By Lucy Rudnicka
When analyzing your balance sheet you typically start by looking at your liquidity ratios. One of these indicators is your working capital.
Working Capital = Current Assets less Current Liabilities.
You will want the result to be positive. Also, when you perform balance sheet analysis for different points in time, you want to see a positive trend.
When you take your working capital together with your current and quick ratios, you will have a pretty good picture of your liquidity and by looking at the most recent trends, you will be in a position to predict your cash flows with a high degree of certainty.
Your working capital can also be too high, though. That can happen, if you are not collecting your accounts receivable as quickly as you used to, if your inventory starts building up or if you are carrying large cash balances without investing them wisely.
When you look at the balance sheet in a side by side format, it’s very easy to analyze your working capital. You see the current asset and current liability sections right opposite each other. It’s easy to see their components and their relative importance. I will come back to it when comparing 3 different cases below.
To draw any intelligent conclusions from the working capital amount you will need to know a couple of more things. For example, it will help to know what your accounts payable days are – that means how quickly you are paying your bills. And it will also help to know how fast you are collecting your receivables and how quickly you are turning your inventory.
You can have exactly the same amount of working capital and yet, if those other indicators are materially different, they will tell a very different story about your liquidity.
Let me illustrate this by showing you three different examples. In each of these examples your working capital is exactly the same (say, working capital is $25,000: Current assets of $35,000 less Current Liabilities of $10,000):
Case I:
Even though your working capital is positive, your current assets are mainly composed of inventory ($30,000). Furthermore, your inventory days are 180 which means that it will take you 6 months to sell this inventory. That would cause me to worry about my ability to meet my financial obligations despite the positive working capital.
Case II:
Here the working capital amounts is still the same as in the previous example, but most of it is on the cash line ($28,000). We don’t have to worry about paying bills at all in this case.
Case III:
Majority of our current assets is on the inventory line again ($30,000), but in this case our inventory turns much more quickly – we keep inventory on hand for only 35 days before we sell it. Our accounts receivable days are also much better than in the first scenario – we collect our AR in less than 1 month. This is a case where a lender would not have any doubts as to this company’s ability to meet its short-term obligations.
Whenever you work on your balance sheet analysis, you want to look at more than just one indicator. Looking only at the working capital will not show you the whole picture. The same goes for any other isolated ratio.
The better you understand the balance sheet and the more you work with it, the more you will see how all the different balance sheet ratios work together to show you a picture of where your business may have its weak spots and where it is strong.
Lucy Rudnicka is a former Corporate Controller. She now owns her own Accounting Services firm and specializes in small business bookkeeping as well as part-time Controller services.
She believes that every business, no matter how small, needs accurate and timely financial statements. For a deeper understanding of your Balance Sheet take a look at the sample balance sheet which contains links to other pages explaining every line found on a typical balance sheet.
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